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An average adult has about 5-6 litres of blood (about 70 ml/kg). The blood serves many roles. Blood delivers nutrients and removes wastes. Blood also Read More

One of the arteries leading out of the Aortic Arch. 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 15 Read More

A heart rate slower than a pacemaker’s regular intrinsic rate – commonly thought as less than 60/minute for sinus rhythms; less than 40/minute for junctional Read More

One of the hormones released by the endocardium is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); which is released by the ventricles upon ventricular distention having similar effects Read More

Since the bundle branches are insulated – they are encapsulated with a fibrous sheath – an obstacle to conduction in any bundle (i.e. ischemia or Read More

The bundle of His terminates in the right and left bundle branches, insulated rapidly conducting electrical pathways that connect with the Purkinje network and thus Read More

Part of the AV junction, the bundle of His conducts the impulse through the fibrous plate that separates the atria and the ventricle; the bundle Read More

A sudden group of 3 or more ectopic beats or complexes (also called a run or a salvo). 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Read More

Channel that allows the influx or efflux of calcium: the influx of calcium particularly in phase 2 of the action potential enables cellular contraction. 1. Read More

If you did want an exact rate, you could count the number of millimeters across the R-R interval. This is often accomplished with the use Read More