The top of the heart located approximately at the 2nd intercostal space. The heart is a wondrous organ about the size of your fist, weighing

The baseline or isoelectric line is a reference point for the waves, intervals and segments. While the PR segment is often used as the baseline,

With adrenergic (sympathetic) stimulation, Beta 1 and Beta 2 responses occur; Beta 1 effects are increased heart rate and increased force of contraction resulting in

The valve that separates the left atria and ventricle. It is also called the mitral valve (2 leaf). Valves act as gates ensuring unidirectional blood

A wave that includes both an upright (positive) and downward (negative) deflection. 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 192

The standard three lead system that forms Einthoven’s triangle with the white electrode (right shoulder), black electrode (left shoulder) and red electrode (left lower abdomen)

The purpose of the cardiac cycle is to effectively pump blood. The purpose of the cardiac cycle is to effectively pump blood. The right heart

Approximately 65% of blood volume is normally contained in the venous system. With increased energy demands, blood flow must increase. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation is

An average adult has about 5-6 litres of blood (about 70 ml/kg). The blood serves many roles. Blood delivers nutrients and removes wastes. Blood also

One of the arteries leading out of the Aortic Arch. 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 15

A heart rate slower than a pacemaker’s regular intrinsic rate – commonly thought as less than 60/minute for sinus rhythms; less than 40/minute for junctional

One of the hormones released by the endocardium is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); which is released by the ventricles upon ventricular distention having similar effects

Since the bundle branches are insulated – they are encapsulated with a fibrous sheath – an obstacle to conduction in any bundle (i.e. ischemia or

The bundle of His terminates in the right and left bundle branches, insulated rapidly conducting electrical pathways that connect with the Purkinje network and thus

Part of the AV junction, the bundle of His conducts the impulse through the fibrous plate that separates the atria and the ventricle; the bundle